Fragility analysis for ballistic design

Effective structural design to resist ballistic effects such as small arms or fragmenting weapons has been a goal since weapons were developed. Approaches currently in use for ballistic design are predominantly deterministic and allow designers to decide what wall thickness should be used to stop a prescribed projectile impacting at a predefined velocity. The research presented in this paper provides a framework for conducting reliability analysis of structures subjected to bullet and fragment demands. Thus, pseudo-fragility curves are developed for the limit states related to spall and perforation of wall panels, residual velocities of bullets and fragments, and injury to personnel. The pseudo-fragility analysis provides engineers and owners with a tool to quickly assess the reliability of a wall system subjected to high velocity, low mass projectiles. In particular, the proposed analysis method allows designers and owners to determine the probability of spall and perforation, residual velocity, and injury as a function of wall thickness or threat standoff distance.

Abbreviations: Cumulative distribution function (CDF): Gives the probability that a stochastic variable ‘X’, with a proper probability density function, is equal to or less than a value (x). Coefficient of variation (COV): The quotient of the standard deviation and the mean     

Estimation of torsional-flutter probability in flexible bridges considering randomness in flutter derivatives

Torsional-flutter instability is an aeroelastic phenomenon of interest to the bridge engineer, corresponding to a torsionally unstable vibration regime of the deck driven by wind excitation and appearing beyond a certain critical wind velocity. In this study a method for the derivation of the flutter probability for long-span bridges with bluff decks is proposed.In the first part of this study the deterministic problem is addressed. In contrast with the classical solution method in the frequency domain based on a numerical procedure for assessing the critical wind velocity, a single-mode “closed-form” algorithm for the derivation of the critical velocity was investigated. A polynomial representation of the aeroelastic-loading coefficients (flutter derivatives), necessary for torsional-flutter analysis, was utilized.In the second part an algorithm for estimating the torsional-flutter probability was developed, considering randomness in bridge properties, and flutter derivatives in particular due to their preeminent role in torsional-flutter velocity estimation.Experimental errors in the extraction of flutter derivatives from wind tunnel tests were analyzed. The “closed-form” algorithm, developed in the first part, allowed for a direct numerical solution of the flutter probability in a simple way.The torsional-flutter probability for three simulated bridge models with rectangular closed-box and truss-type girder deck was numerically determined. A set of experimental data, available from the literature, was employed. The simulations enabled the validation of the proposed algorithm.     

Design Water Levels in Tidal River Systems under the Influence of Typhoons

Water levels in tidal rivers are subject to the influence of both fluvial and tidal factors. The interaction between these factors is rendered more complex in regions affected by typhoons, which typically result in the combined occurrence of heavy rainfall and high sea levels.
Previous studies have outlined an analytical approach for calculating design water levels based on dividing the fluvial and tidal series into a typhoon and a non-typhoon component. This paper illustrates the steps involved in the analytical approach and describes its application to drainage basins in Hong Kong.
The approach provides a practical means for calculating design water levels, and is recommended for final design purposes. The results of using the full analysis may be approximated by using a sub-set of analytical results, and should prove satisfactory for the purposes of outline design.     

预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥施工控制

论述了预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥施工控制的理论体系、方法、内容、原则及实施过程,分析了影响施工控制的主要因素和关键技术。通过监测给出了施工控制参数,有效地调整了桥梁的内力和线形,为提高桥梁施工精度和安全提供了保证。     

深水群桩基础的关键施工技术研究

随着桥梁工程建设规模的扩大,对其深水基础施工技术的要求也越来越高.在综述国内外桥梁深水基础发展与现状的基础上,以实际特大型桥梁工程为例,研究我国特有且普遍应用的双壁钢吊箱围堰加钻孔灌注桩高桩承台群桩基础结构的关键施工技术.主要总结了大型施工临时结构(桩基施工平台与钢吊箱围堰)在结构方案、施工工艺以及设计计算等方面的改进和技术创新;并根据施工结构的特点扩充了力学性能分析的方法和内容;进而提出了此类深水群桩基础施工中目前亟待解决的主要问题及今后的研究方向,为同类工程提供经验及技术参考.     

预应力连续箱型桥梁的静载力学试验及分析

本文通过对标准设计荷载作用下的连续箱型桥梁控制截面和典型位置的应力和变形观测 ,得到了大桥实际应力分布和变形情况。经过比较和理论分析符合计算假定并且均小于设计值 ,满足使用要求     

P-△效应下的核心筒侧移与箱基倾角的耦合关系

基于箱基设计的一些假设及其结构力学的原理,推导了核心单筒悬挂式建筑考虑核心筒P-△效应及在各种水平荷载下的侧移公式.算例表明,考虑P-△效应的核心筒侧移与箱基倾角的耦合关系是十分重要的.     

中国大跨悬索桥全焊钢箱梁的技术进展

总结我国已建和在建的西陵桥、虎门桥、江阴桥和海沧桥等4座大跨悬索桥的主要结构特征、全焊流线形钢箱梁的突出优点、焊接梁段制造、工地焊接与桥架线形设计和箱梁结构的传统计算方法与仿真分析方法等问题．     

大吨位曲线箱梁预应力的施工质量控制

介绍昆山高架桥Ⅱ大吨位曲线连续箱梁预应力施工工艺及其质量控制措施。     

在弯矩、剪力和反复扭矩复合作用下的碳纤维布加固RC箱梁抗扭性能试验研究

为研究碳纤维布加固弯矩、剪力和反复扭矩复合作用下的钢筋混凝土箱梁的抗扭性能,共设计制作了4根钢筋混凝土箱梁试件,其中3根采取碳纤维布加固、1根不加固作为对比试件。试验在自行研制的扭转试验装置上进行,对箱梁试件同步施加弯矩、剪力和反复扭矩作用。以加固方式和加固数量为主要研究参数,分析了箱梁试件的破坏机理、承载能力、变形能力和滞回性能等。通过各箱梁试件的碳纤维布和钢筋的应变变化规律,探讨了碳纤维布加固箱梁的抗扭工作机理;通过测得的各试件的扭矩-扭转角滞回曲线和骨架曲线,提出了碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土箱梁的抗扭恢复力模型。从而为碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土箱梁抗扭性能的理论研究和工程应用提供了重要的依据。